EXPLAINER
International Albinism Awareness Day aims to promote a better understanding of albinism and combat discrimination against people with albinism.
Albinism is a rare genetic condition that results in a lack of pigmentation (melanin) that normally gives hair, skin, and eyes their color.
People with albinism commonly experience sensitivity to bright light, which can lead to blindness and skin cancer. Furthermore, in some countries, people with albinism experience discrimination, violence and even death.
To promote a better understanding of albinism and combat discrimination against people with albinism, the United Nations designated June 13th as International Albinism Awareness Day.
What causes albinism?
Albinism is caused by mutations in specific genes that are responsible for the production of melanin. This gene is recessive, which means that both parents must carry the gene for it to be passed on. Albinism is not a disease, but rather a genetic condition that people are born with.
There are several different types of albinism, and the degree of pigmentation varies depending on the specific type you have.
People with albinism face a high risk of skin cancer, which is responsible for at least 80 percent of deaths, according to the UN. This risk is so significant that 98 percent of people with albinism do not live beyond 40 years.
While there is no cure for the lack of melanin that is critical to albinism, the condition can be managed by avoiding direct sunlight, wearing high-quality sunglasses that can block ultraviolet rays, and wearing sun-protective clothing and hats. sun when outdoors.
How common is albinism?
While albinism is generally uncommon, some forms of the condition are extremely rare.
Albinism occurs throughout the world regardless of ethnicity or gender. While reliable data is not available for many parts of the world, it is estimated that in North America and Europe one in 17,000 to 20,000 people has some form of albinism.
Albinism is most common in sub-Saharan Africa with estimates of one in 5,000 to one in 15,000.
What is the preferred term?
Historically, the term “albino” has been used in a derogatory manner, thus “person with albinism” is preferred when referring to people with the condition. “Albino” defines a person by their appearance, while “person with albinism” puts the person before the condition.
