Thursday, May 14, 2026

We went backpacking with suitcases in Italy and it was a mess

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(CNN) — Like many people, I developed an obsession with Italy relatively early in life. Unlike many people, mine was probably inspired by a cartoon dream sequence in which Yogi Bear and his girlfriend Cindy sailed through Venice on a gondola.

I quickly moved on to classier inspiration — “Light in the Piazza” starring Olivia de Havilland and George Hamilton and “Roman Holiday” with Audrey Hepburn and Gregory Peck — but really, anything featuring Italy would do.

That’s the only explanation I have for seeing Mary Kate and Ashley Olsen’s “When In Rome” multiple times.

I got my first taste of the beautiful country during a school trip to Florence, during which my friends and I had a blast recreating scenes from the E.M. Forster’s novel “Room With A View,” eating gelato, walking along the River Arno and hanging out by the Duomo.

I left craving more.

Once school exams were over, I began planning a mini-trip to Italy with my sister, who’s just a year younger than me, so I could revisit Florence and go to some of the other Italian cities I’d only ever seen in movies and, er, cartoons.

Reluctant backpackers

Tamara Hardingham-Gill developed a thirst for spontaneous travel during a trip around Italy with her sister.

Tamara Hardingham-Gill

It was technically a backpacking trip. We had everything a backpacker needed — a Lonely Planet guide and a vague itinerary.

The only problem was, we didn’t care for backpacks.

Instead, in August 2001, as we embarked on a trip that would take us from Verona to Venice, we decided it would be far more convenient to squeeze our possessions into two colossal suitcases.

Spacious luggage was crucial. We needed all the outfits we could possible cram into them. The thought of turning up at the Vatican Museums or Florence’s Uffizi Gallery looking even slightly disheveled was something we wouldn’t even consider.

We knew we’d be looking back on the photos for years to come and wanted to ensure we liked what we saw. Mercifully, this was before we owned digital cameras, otherwise we’d have wasted hours of the trip deleting and retaking pictures.

On arriving in the “City of Love” in the middle of the night, we hauled our massive bags into a hostel shared by actual backpackers.

There were looks of horror as our cases knocked chunks out of the walls while we tried to fit them under the bunk beds.

Blissfully unaware of how ridiculous we looked, we unpacked and chatted to them about their exploits, taking recommendations on places to see.

The next few blisteringly hot days were spent continually getting lost in Verona while waving our Lonely Planet around and occasionally attempting Italian phrases.

It took us so long to find “Juliet’s tomb,” a sarcophagus beneath the former Monastery of San Francesco al Corso that’s said to have links with Shakespeare’s tragic love story, I actually remember more about the random places we ended up than the tomb.

Once we finally located it, my sister climbed into and played dead, just because.

The next day, because our suitcases weren’t already heavy enough, we hit the Fiorucci store, buying dresses and shoes that we struggled to stuff into them.

When the time came to move on, our new friends from the hostel, who were leaving the same day, invited us accompany them to the station — despite our huge luggage we’d been accepted as backpackers!

But after 10 minutes of looking back at us loudly scraping our unwieldy cases across cobbled streets, they unceremoniously ditched us.

Perhaps they were embarrassed to be seen with such badly prepared travelers.

Travel on a whim

Trip that changed my life - Tamara Hardingham-Gill - Italy

The two-week trip was full of ups and downs, but both look on it as one of the best times of their lives.

Courtesy Tamara Hardingham-Gill

Our lack of preparation extended to train timetables.

We’d simply drag our suitcases over to a city station as early as we could, depending on how long it had taken us to get ready that morning, and hope for the best.

This also meant we went hungry a lot.

Back then, most restaurants in Italy operated around strict meal times, so we’d often arrive at a city at around 3 p.m in the afternoon desperate for a serving of pizza or pasta, only to be greeted by locked doors and shutters.

Turning up in cities without pre-booked accommodation also proved to be very hit and miss.

In Milan, the only place available at very short notice was a hot convent, where we dragged our suitcases into an austere room originally meant for nuns.

Our day trips were so poorly timed, we barely scratched the surface of Siena’s stunning landscape, and our trip to the Leaning Tower of Pisa was so rushed, I can only just about remember being there.

Surviving the heat

Trip that changed my life - Italy - Tamara Hardingham-Gill

The pair struggled with the scorching temperatures during their time in the Italian capital.

Tamara Hardingham-Gill

Nevertheless, by the time we got to Rome, we’d convinced ourselves we were seasoned adventurers — albeit seasoned travelers with enough shoes to last several months.

But the rising heat of mid-August began to take its toll, prompting some spectacular meltdowns.

My sister still reminds me of the time I asked a street vendor outside the Colosseum the price for a bottle of Coke.

“Twelve thousand lire,” he replied. This was the equivalent of around five dollars then — a lot to spend on a fizzy drink.

Almost delirious at this stage, I began rummaging around my purse for the cash before being dragged away by my incredulous sister.

“You were really going to pay 12,000 lire for coke?” she asked me.

“I’m just so thirsty,” I said, sounding much like a toddler having a tantrum.

After yet another scorching afternoon of sightseeing, we were accosted by a very friendly tour guide, who offered us tickets for a pricey hop-on/hop-off bus tour of the city.

We looked at her with disdain. Didn’t she realize we were “real” travelers. As far as we were concerned, luxury bus tours were for pampered tourists staying in swanky hotels.

She was clearly reading us all wrong. I imagine our immaculate outfits were throwing her off track — although our look was rather spoiled by the bruises on our legs from being bashed by those heavy cases.

Hilariously, we aligned ourselves with the dedicated backpackers who continued to shake their heads in disbelief every time we turned up at a new destination with luggage that only got heavier as we indulged in more shopping sprees.

When it came to pack up and move on, they would gasp as they watched us sit on the cases in order get zips to close.

Venice or broke

Trip that changed my life - Italy - Tamara Hardingham-Gill

Venice was the last stop on their eventful Italian visit.

Tamara Hardingham-Gill

When we first arrived in Italy, we’d envisioned hanging out in bars and nightclubs every evening.

But we soon realized that partying is often the last thing you want to do after an exhausting day walking around museums, art galleries and boutiques.

Having said that, we tried not to leave any major city without sampling its nightlife at least once.

On our last evening in Rome, we were accosted on the Spanish Steps by a group of American tourists who were part of an official bar crawl — an activity long since banned in the Italian capital.

They convinced us to join in and we had an absolute blast. It was as rowdy as you can imagine, with mindless drinking games and lots of inebriated conversations.

But after spending so much time with just one other person, it felt great to be in the company of so many strangers, even if they could barely stand up.

Next up was Venice, our final stop. But our typically chaotic relationship with train timetables mean we missed a direct connection, opting instead to break up the journey with a few hours in Florence.

What could possibly go wrong? Plenty as it turns out.

After a failed attempt at seeing Botticelli’s “The Birth of Venus”– the queue for the Uffizi Gallery was insane — we sheepishly returned to the station to await our train.

During the course of the trip, we’d been swapping bags while on the move for no particular reason, and being the useless travelers we were, we’d opted to keep both passports in the same bag.

An hour into our train journey to Venice I looked over at our luggage and realized one bag was missing.

We’d left it on the floor of the train platform in Florence, both assuming the other had picked it up. We exited the train at the next stop and made our way back. The bag and our passports were long gone.

After alerting station staff, we were taken to an office and asked to complete a form describing the bag and its contents.

I broke down in tears as I imagined having to camp out at the British Embassy to get replacement travel documents and never making it to Venice, my heavy tears starting to ruin the paperwork I was filling out.

At the moment of my deepest despair, a very petite Italian woman came sailing through the door.

“Tamara,” she said excitedly. “I ‘ave ah your bag.” The sheer joy I felt in that moment cannot be put into words.

Beginning of the end

Trip that changed my life - Italy - Tamara Hardingham-Gill

After dreaming of taking a night time gondola ride as kids, the pair were able to experience it together.

Tamara Hardingham-Gill

A few hours later, we boarded yet another train to Venice, opting for a faster, more expensive one in an attempt to make up lost time.

Everything had been building up to this, and it was just as magical as we’d imagined — even despite the obstacle course of staircases and cobbled streets between the station and our hostel.

We visited the Piazza San Marco and the Rialto Bridge and I enjoyed getting lost in tiny winding streets and discovering little boutiques and cafes, as well as the novelty of traveling on water buses.

We blew a small fortune on a night time gondola ride, for the full Yogi bear experience. It was worth every penny and thankfully meant we had less money to spend on things to make our suitcases any heavier.

Our last day was disastrous. We lost each other for hours and blamed the other for the wasted time searching when we were finally reunited a few hours before our flight home to London.

The flight was delayed, as was our baggage, which we were understandably sick of the sight of by this point.

We didn’t get home until the very early hours of the next morning, and by then we were barely speaking to each other.

Still, in retrospect, I wouldn’t have it any other way.

Although I’ve returned to Italy several times over the years, I’ve never been able to recreate the magic of that trip.

My sister and I took plenty more vacations together in the years that followed — Maui, Rio de Janeiro and New Orleans — always with suitcases rather than backpacks.

Then, suddenly, we stopped traveling as a twosome. There was no conversation about it. Just a silent agreement that that part of our lives was over — at least for the time being.

When I told her I was writing about one of our many escapades, she paused, then asked “which trip?”

“Italy, of course,” I replied.

“Really?” she said with a smile. “That’s perfect. I think that’s the best we’ve ever looked. Those are some great pictures.”

Hauling those suitcases full of clothes around was worth it after all.

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Grindr says it’s removing its ‘ethnicity filter’ in support of Black Lives Matter

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The gay dating and hookup app announced the change on Monday, saying: “We will continue to fight racism on Grindr, both through dialogue with our community and a zero-tolerance policy for racism and hate-speech on our platform.”

“As part of this commitment, and based on your feedback, we have decided to remove the ethnicity filter from our next release.”

Grindr — which describes itself as “the world’s largest social networking app for gay, bi, trans and queer people” — had previously come under fire for allowing users to filter for matches based on ethnicity as part of its paid “Xtra” service.

Currently, users of the technology can filter prospective partners by height, weight, age and ethnicity, though it is not the only dating app to offer these filters.

Representatives for the company had previously defended its ethnicity filter, arguing that the feature was used by members of minority groups looking for others of the same race.
Critics have argued that Grindr’s filter promoted discrimination. Research from Cornell University found that dating apps that allow users to filter their searches by race, or rely on algorithms that pair people of the same race, “reinforce racial divisions and biases,” while an Australian survey of gay and bisexual men found many participants to be “remarkably tolerant” of online sexual racism.

On Monday, Grindr framed the policy change as one motivated by solidarity with protesters in the United States.

“We stand in solidarity with the #BlackLivesMatter movement and the hundreds of thousands of queer people of color who log in to our app every day.”

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Protesters should know how to protect themselves from tear gas, pepper spray

Pepper spray as a weapon: Why police use the ‘riot-control agent’ at protests

Pepper spray has been used a lot recently due to the protests involving the death of George Floyd. So what is it and is it deadly?

USA TODAY

As crowds gather across the country to protest the death of George Floyd, authorities meet them with tear gas and pepper spray in attempt to prevent more violence.

While some protests have ended peacefully, others in cities like Pittsburgh, Minneapolis and St. Louis have been confronted with a line of police in riot gear firing tear gas and projectiles into crowds protesting the death of Floyd, an unarmed black man who died in police custody in Minneapolis. 

In some incidents, members of the news media appeared to be targeted, by police and protesters alike. On Saturday night, Branden Hunter, a reporter for the Detroit Free Press, went to an emergency room in Detroit after police administered tear gas during a protest. 

It’s not the first time these “riot agents” were used by authorities to disperse crowds of protesters and it certainly won’t be the last. If you’re planning to join one of these protests, here’s what you need to know to protect yourself against tear gas and pepper spray.

Viral photos: A photo page of striking moments from the week’s protests.

What is pepper spray?

Pepper spray is a lachrymatory agent, which means it stimulates the eyes to produce tears.

The main active ingredient in pepper spray is an oil known as oleoresin capsicum, the same agent that provides “heat” in chili peppers, according to Dr. Robert Glatter, an emergency physician in New York City.

Pepper spray is typically dispersed into the air as an aerosol or as small particles in a liquid spray, according to the National Capital Poison Center. Pepper sprays and mists can travel 8 to 12 feet, said Sabre, a popular brand of pepper spray. Gel sprays can travel 20% farther.

The chemical irritant can cause a feeling of “bubbling” or “boiling” in your eyes, temporary blindness and eye pain. The effects can last 30 to 45 minutes. Glatter said symptoms also may include burning in the throat, wheezing, dry cough, gagging and difficulty speaking.

People who inhale pepper spray may develop a sudden elevation of blood pressure, which can lead to a stroke or heart attack, he said. Those with asthma also may be at higher risk for complications.

Skin exposure can cause pain, redness, swelling and itching, according to the National Capital Poison Center.

Dr. Kelly Johnson-Arbor, medical director at National Capital Poison Center, said that even though pepper spray is technically a natural agent, it can still cause great harm, especially to those with underlying conditions. 

“Some people interpret natural as safe, and that’s definitely not true,” she said. 

Johnson-Arbor urged protesters who experience the effects of pepper spray for more than an hour to seek medical care. 

How to treat pepper spray

Glatter said the most important thing to remember is not to rub your eyes if you get sprayed because it will spread the compound deeper into the eye.

Immediately blinking allows tears to help flush away some of the oils contained in the pepper spray. He recommended using baby shampoo or diluted dish-washing soap with water to remove them.

While many people are seen on television pouring milk on their face after being pepper-sprayed during protests, Glatter said that only helps reduce the burning sensation but doesn’t remove any of the oil.

Johnson-Arbor said there is no scientific evidence to prove baby shampoo works against pepper spray. A 2018 study found no difference between baby shampoo or plain water. 

“Water overall is the best treatment that people can use,” she said.

But a simple 8-ounce bottle of water won’t do. Johnson-Arbor advised people be prepared with lots of water if they expect authorities to disperse riot agents during a protest.

What is tear gas?

Tear gas isn’t technically a “gas,” Glatter said. It’s a powder that is heated and mixed with a liquid or solvent and released from canisters as an aerosol.

There are different types of tear gas. The two commonly used by law enforcement are 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (CS) and chloroacetophenone (CN).

Glatter said tear gas should be considered a nerve agent in that it doesn’t just irritate cells, but it also activates specific pain receptors leading to intense and burning pain on all affected areas. It can cause pain and burning in the eyes, mucous membranes, throat, lungs and skin.

Along with pain and tear production, tear gas also causes exaggerated muscle cramping in the eye and sensitivity to light that leads to eye closure, Glatter said.

Tear gas can affect every part of the body. People can experience burning in the nose, nasal mucosal swelling and a running nose. Other effects include difficulty swallowing, drooling and severe burning inside the mouth and on the tongue.

People with asthma or chronic inflammatory lung disease (COPD) are most at risk for severe complications as a result of tear gas. Glatter said tear gas can cause an asthma attack or dangerous swelling in the upper airway that could lead to asphyxiation and even death.

“If you don’t experience such devastating airway or respiratory effects, your skin feels like it’s on fire,” he said.

Actual burns and blisters could form as a result. Ingestion of tear gas through the mouth can also lead to nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

“You get it – not a pretty picture,” Glatter said.

Johnson-Arbor strongly urges people not to pick up tear gas canisters. She has seen reports of protesters throwing them back at authorities, a practice that can be dangerous. 

Tear gas canisters can detonate, exposing protesters to propellants, solvents and explosives. Johnson-Arbor noted reports of brain injuries in previous years as a result of exploding tear gas canisters.

If the canisters are about to explode, they can also be very hot and cause burn injuries if picked up. 

“If a canister lands nearby, then get out of the way,” she said. 

How to treat tear gas

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends immediately leaving the area and getting to fresh air quickly if exposed to tear gas or similar riot control agents.

If the tear gas was released outdoors, the agency advises seeking the highest ground possible as the dense vapor cloud travels close to the ground. If exposed indoors, people should leave the building as soon as possible.

The CDC says people should quickly take off any clothing that may have tear gas on it. If clothing needs to be pulled over the head, like a shirt or sweater, Glatter said it must be cut off to limit exposure to the eyes or mouth.

People should place all removed clothes in a plastic bag and wash any tear gas from skin as quickly as possible with soap and water. They should not use soap for the eyes. For burning eyes or blurred vision, the CDC recommends rising eyes with plain water for 10 to 15 minutes.

Glatter said contact lenses should be removed with clean gloves and glasses should be washed with soap and water. Glasses can be used again, but the CDC advises against reusing the contacts, even if they’re not disposable.

While there’s no approved antidote for tear gas, Glatter said there’s a few home remedies that could help ease the effects after exposure. He said some people use lemon juice or antacids such as Maalox water.

“That said, water remains the most available and effective solvent for irrigation in the setting of any type of ocular burn,” he said.

Long-term effects and complications of tear gas, pepper spray

Experts say low level agents such as pepper spray and tear gas don’t usually result in permanent or long-lasting health effects, but exposure to higher concentrations can be more harmful.

Glatter said significant damage to the corneal epithelium, the outermost layer of the cornea, could lead to visual impairment. Other complications include laryngospasm, a spasm of the vocal cords, or pulmonary edema, fluid in the lungs, in people with a history of lung disease.

Cases of prolonged exposure could result in first- and second-degree burns and blistering. The CDC recommended treating with standard burn management techniques including use of medicated bandages.

Glatter said children as well as those with chronic lung disease, hypersensitivity syndromes and older people with heart and kidney disease are more at risk for severe outcomes of pepper spray or tear gas.

How to prepare yourself for a protest

Johnson-Arbor urged protesters to be prepared if they anticipate authorities to disperse tear gas or use pepper spray. 

They should dress in long sleeves and pants so the agents can’t come in contact with skin. They should not wear contact lenses to protests, because tear gas or pepper spray particles can get stuck between the eye and lens and cause damage. 

She suggested protesters wear some protective gear such as goggles. While many protesters are seen with cloth masks to protect themselves from the coronavirus, Johnson-Arbor said they won’t do much against tear gas or pepper spray. 

While they provide some protection, cloth masks have varying degrees of filtration, aren’t tight-fitting and not medical grade. There are no studies of how pepper spray or tear gas penetrates cloth masks, and most masks are open on either side. 

“Overall, the masks may provide some protection but it won’t be enough to avoid exposure overall,” Johnson-Arbor said. 

Lastly, she advised people to arm themselves with enough water to thoroughly irrigate their eyes if exposed to pepper spray or tear gas. 

Follow Adrianna Rodriguez on Twitter: @AdriannaUSAT. 



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ACLU Files Class-Action Lawsuit To Protect Journalists ‘Targeted’ By Police

The American Civil Liberties Union announced on Wednesday that it had filed a class-action lawsuit and requested that a Minnesota court protect journalists who have been targeted by local police while covering unrest stemming from the killing of George Floyd, an unarmed Black man, by a Minneapolis police officer last month.

“The past week has been marked by an extraordinary escalation of unlawful force deliberately targeting reporters,” the ACLU said in Wednesday’s filing.

“The ostensible leaders of our law enforcement agencies have been unable to curb this unlawful violence,” it added. 

Wednesday’s suit was filed against the City of Minneapolis and its top police officials, including the city’s police chief, Medaria Arradondo. It details several instances of police violence, including the case of reporter Linda Tirado, who lost the use of one eye after an officer shot her in the face with a rubber bullet. “As we warned, if you come after our press freedoms, we will see you in court,” the ACLU said on Twitter. 

Wednesday’s filing seeks protection for journalists from being targeted by the police; damages for injured journalists; and affirmation from the court that journalists are exempted from the state’s curfew, as the law indicates. 

Footage released at the end of May showing Floyd saying he couldn’t breathe as police officer Derek Chauvin fatally kneeling on his neck has spurred ongoing, nationwide protests against police brutality. The demonstrations have occasionally escalated into violence as officers have clashed with protesters. In many instances, police have used excessive force, tear gas, pepper spray and rubber bullets against protesters and credentialed members of the press. On Saturday, HuffPost reporter Chris Mathias was violently arrested in New York City with his press badge clearly visible, and HuffPost reporter Phil Lewis was shot with a rubber bullet in Washington, D.C.

On Tuesday, more than 100 news outlets, including HuffPost, and a number of  advocacy groups cosigned a letter from the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press demanding Minnesota and Minneapolis “immediately implement protocols to protect reporters and ensure the public is informed.”

In announcing Wednesday’s court filing, the ACLU said it intends to file similar lawsuits in states across the country.



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Why China May Call the World’s Bluff on Hong Kong

HONG KONG — China long depended on Hong Kong to be everything it was not. The city’s freewheeling capitalism and personal freedoms, both absent from the mainland, made it one of the world’s premier financial hubs. Together, they flourished for decades.

Now China is doing what was once unthinkable: imposing its will on Hong Kong in a way that could permanently damage the former British colony economically and politically. In pushing for a new national security law that many fear will curtail the city’s liberties, the Chinese Communist Party is calculating that control and stability outweigh the benefits the city has long provided.

Other countries are threatening to retaliate in ways that could leave Hong Kong a shadow of its former self. The United States has vowed to end the special economic treatment it has long granted the territory. Britain has said it could open its doors to three million Hong Kongers, laying the groundwork for a dramatic brain drain.

But Beijing sees its position as strong at a time when the rest of the world is divided and still recovering from the coronavirus pandemic. The United States will hurt itself more by coming down hard against Hong Kong, officials believe. Hong Kong’s protest movement, at least for the moment, seems demoralized.

And when it comes to the global economy, the Communist Party is wagering that the world needs China, with or without Hong Kong. The response of the business community has been muted so far. Even if it protested, business has always come back to China, whether in the wake of the 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown or the British handover of Hong Kong back to China in 1997.

“There will be some unhappy people for some time,” said John L. Thornton, a former president of Goldman Sachs who has longstanding ties with China’s leadership. “But the drum rolls, the dogs bark and the caravan moves on. That’s the political judgment. They have had a fair amount of empirical evidence that the concerns will disappear.”

On Wednesday, HSBC said Peter Wong, its Asia-Pacific chief, had signed a petition supporting the national security law.

Unquestionably, Hong Kong has declined in importance to China as the mainland economy has surged. In 1997, when Britain returned its colony to China, Hong Kong’s economic output was nearly one-fifth the size of the mainland’s, making it a necessary growth engine for Beijing. Deng Xiaoping, then China’s top leader, had agreed to allow Hong Kong to keep its business and personal freedoms for decades to come, saying years earlier that “there was no other possible solution.”

Today, Hong Kong’s output is equal to less than 3 percent of the mainland’s. While investors still prize Hong Kong’s rule of law, low taxes and transparent business environment, they have also grown more accustomed to doing business in mainland cities like Shanghai, where the stock market is bigger than Hong Kong’s by value.

    Updated May 27, 2020

    • Where we left off

      In the summer of 2019, Hong Kong protesters began fighting a rule that would allow extraditions to China. These protests eventually broadened to protect Hong Kong’s autonomy from China. The protests wound down when pro-democracy candidates notched a stunning victory in Hong Kong elections in November, in what was seen as a pointed rebuke of Beijing and its allies in Hong Kong.

      Late in 2019, the protests then quieted.

    • How it’s different this time

      Those peaceful mass rallies that occurred in June of 2019 were pointed against the territory leadership of Hong Kong. Later, they devolved into often-violent clashes between some protesters and police officers and lasted through November 2019. The current protests are aimed at mainland China.

    • What’s happening now

      This latest round of demonstrations in Hong Kong has been fueled largely by China’s ruling Communist Party move this month to impose new national security legislation for Hong Kong.

      To China, the rules are necessary to protect the country’s national sovereignty. To critics, they further erode the relative autonomy granted to the territory after Britain handed it back to China in 1997.


Nevertheless, Washington believes Hong Kong is still too valuable for China to jeopardize.

President Trump last week said he would strip Hong Kong of the special status granted to it by Washington. Depending on what he does, it could subject Hong Kong to the same tariffs and trade restrictions it imposes on mainland China.

If the United States wants to raise the stakes sharply, it could harness one of its major strengths: its vital role over the global financial system.

China relies heavily on Hong Kong’s unlimited access to U.S. dollars, the world’s de facto currency. China tightly limits the amount of its currency that flows past its borders, making the Chinese renminbi less useful in making global payments and loans, striking deals or participating in international finance. About three quarters of all renminbi payments flow through Hong Kong, according to data from Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, a network that facilitates global financial transactions.

American retaliation may be enough to get many businesses to leave. In a survey released on Wednesday by the American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong, more than a quarter of companies questioned said they were considering moving elsewhere.

Individuals may leave too. The British government, which says the national security law violates the handover agreement, said that it would offer a path to citizenship to nearly three million Hong Kong residents — almost half the city’s population — if China proceeds.

“This would amount to one of the biggest changes in our visa system in British history,” Britain’s prime minister, Boris Johnson, wrote in an opinion piece in the South China Morning Post, a Hong Kong newspaper, on Wednesday. “If it proves necessary, the British government will take this step and take it willingly.”

Firms that help Hong Kong residents apply for British visas have seen a surge in interest. One firm, British Connections, said that 120 people had applied for British travel documents between May 22 and May 31, compared to 67 in the same period last year.

Hong Kong residents have also explored other options, including Canada, Australia and Ireland. Those departures could deprive the city of talent and embarrass Beijing to boot, which is perhaps why China reacted furiously to Britain’s announcement.

“All Chinese compatriots residing in Hong Kong are Chinese nationals,” Zhao Lijian, a spokesman for China’s foreign ministry, said at a news conference, adding that China could take unspecified countermeasures.

China’s response has suggested Beijing is willing to sacrifice Hong Kong to get its way. Other Chinese cities, like Shanghai and Shenzhen, have pledged to make investor-friendly legal and financial reforms to fight for Hong Kong’s business. The resort island of Hainan has promised to turn itself into a free trade port like Hong Kong.

More broadly, China sees the risk as limited.

In the face of Mr. Trump’s threat, for example, China is calculating that he is bluffing. American business interests in Hong Kong are extensive. If the White House took the more dramatic route of limiting Hong Kong’s access to U.S. dollars, Chinese banks have other ways to access the global financial system, said Victor Shih, an expert on the Chinese financial system at the University of California, San Diego.

China also holds more than $1 trillion in U.S. Treasury bills, which accounts for more than 4 percent of America’s total debt. While China cannot quickly sell that debt without making major problems for itself, such a move could cause disruptions globally.

Chinese officials also believe that Hong Kong’s business elite, historically a moderating force on Beijing, has been successfully persuaded or pressed to go along. Many have extensive business holdings in the mainland.

“We probably need not over-interpret it,” Li Ka-shing, Hong Kong’s richest man, said of the law in a statement.

Some of Hong Kong’s biggest investors contend that business will continue as usual.

Weijian Shan, a major private equity investor in Hong Kong, recently wrote a memoir detailing recollections of his difficult childhood under the harsh policies of Mao Zedong. In a letter to his clients this week, he expressed little concern about Beijing’s new security law for Hong Kong.

“There will not be any change in the rule of law, independent judicial system or freedom of expression,” he said.

China is also acting at a time of political strength. It has contained the coronavirus within its borders, a feat few other countries have managed. The moment may have emboldened China’s top leader, Xi Jinping, to take steps that his predecessors dared not.

Other rivals have been weakened. Mr. Trump is struggling to pass the blame for American missteps in dealing with the outbreak and is increasingly consumed with unrest at home.

Other Western democracies, historically allies of the pro-democracy movement in Hong Kong, are preoccupied with their own crises. The United States, with its steady retreat from global leadership under Mr. Trump, is in no position to rally them, say supporters of both the protesters and Beijing.

“‘We expect foreign condemnation for everything we do’ basically is their attitude,” said Andrew Nathan, a professor of political science at Columbia University. “‘You guys can bark all you want but you can’t bite, so what do we care?’”

Beijing’s gamble has already yielded gains in one key arena: suppressing the protests that inspired it to act in the first place. While some protesters have vowed an even more determined fight against the new security push, others acknowledged that the movement was fractured, tired and pessimistic.

Peaceful mass protests have been barred by laws aimed at containing the coronavirus. Those who join anyway are arrested en masse by an increasingly aggressive police force. Many of the front-line protesters who clashed, often violently, with the police have fled Hong Kong or have been arrested.

A few activists have clung to hope that China still needs and wants the world’s approval.

“If the rest of the world doesn’t trust China at all, they would have to gang up against China. Is this a way forward for China and for Xi Jinping?” Martin Lee, a prominent veteran democracy supporter, said. “We have to persuade them that it is ultimately and eminently in the interest of China that they win the confidence of the rest of the world.”

It is not clear that Beijing agrees. Mr. Lee, 81, who is sometimes called the “Father of Democracy” in Hong Kong, was arrested in April for his participation in protests last year.

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The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Second-Wave Feminism

A zinelike directory for feminist outposts across the U.S. from 1973 has been reissued, and is selling out.

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EU interpreters reject COVID-19 crisis contract as inadequate

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Freelance interpreters working for the EU institutions condemned a new “deferred contract” designed to compensate them for lack of earnings during the coronavirus crisis as inadequate and lacking any certainty about future work.

With the European Parliament, Commission and Council either operating remotely or at vastly reduced capacity for weeks, most of those employed to provide simultaneous verbal interpretation of the words of MEPs and officials have had very little or no work since the beginning of the crisis.

To make matters worse, because they are contracted directly, many pay income tax into the EU budget rather than to their national governments and so are not eligible for national social security benefits or government-backed furlough schemes.

The special “deferred contract” — which is offered to around 1,200 people with regular freelance contracts — effectively provides a loan of €2,200 before tax (equivalent to three to four days’ work depending on experience or €1,300 after tax). This is an up-front payment in lieu of shifts worked between now and the end of the year. But the contract offers no guarantee of further shifts beyond the three or four days of interpreting work, while reducing flexibility to take other work — even if such work exists.

Many interpreters argue this is inadequate. “So in plain text, we get €1,300 for our livelihood from mid-March or early June until the end of the year!” Birgit Kaiser-Fernane, a freelance EU interpreter, wrote on her Facebook page. “For many of us, this would mean the end of our career as interpreters.”

“We have no visibility on the future and it’s very upsetting to see that the institutions, for which we have invested so much effort, are leaving us behind” — Freelance EU institutions interpreter

“This would also mean that many of us will no longer be available after the crisis, when we are needed for meetings again,” she added.

Another freelance interpreter who has worked for the EU institutions for 25 years described the offer as “ridiculous and an insult to our profession.”

“We have no visibility on the future and it’s very upsetting to see that the institutions, for which we have invested so much effort, are leaving us behind,” she added.

Alexandra Geese, a German Green MEP and a former EU interpreter, condemned the “total lack of solidarity” from the EU institutions. “[They] should show their appreciation with a decent economic proposal to get them over the crisis … As an MEP I’m ashamed by how we are treating people who work for us with utmost loyalty.”

The EU delegation to the International Association of Conference Interpreters rejected the proposal and called for “emergency support” for the workers in a letter to the Commission’s Directorate General for Interpretation (DG SCIC) and the Parliament’s Directorate-General for Logistics and Interpretation for Conferences (DG LINC.)

The new contract is aimed at helping regular interpreters who don’t have a permanent employment contract during the ongoing uncertainty about the number of meetings the EU institutions will hold over the coming months. According to Kaiser-Fernance, the German presidency of the EU, which starts in July, has said that only around a third of planned meetings are expected to take place between now and the end of the year, with many of those in virtual format.

“The payment will be made in advance while the assignment dates will be confirmed at a later stage,” according to an internal note published on the Commission’s intranet platform and issued by DG SCIC and DG LINC.

It will “provide income in the critical months before the summer break,” the note said. Contributions and insurance schemes will be paid “once the interpretation assignment is executed by the freelance interpreter.”

A spokesperson for the Parliament said it was “a solution that allows us to respect our contract-based relationship with those interpreters, but also our social responsibility.” They added that only a fifth of freelance interpreters are now back at work.

If the COVID-19 crisis continues beyond the summer, the Parliament could offer freelance interpreters “additional contracts for interpretation-related activities regarding new technologies, skills enhancement and training,” wrote Agnieszka Walter-Drop, the director general of DG LINC, in a group email seen by POLITICO. 



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Life on Mars? Meet the new rover built to give us the answer

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Roger Wiens is the principal investigator of the ChemCam and SuperCam instruments at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Los Alamos National Laboratory. SuperCam is a product of a United States-France partnership, along with support from Spain. Wiens contributed this article to Space.com’s Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights. 

Plenty of sci-fi movies over the decades have shown us fictionalized versions of Mars that include everything from hurricane-force winds (in the critically acclaimed 2015 movie “The Martian“) to human-devouring plants (in the universally panned 1959 movie “The Angry Red Planet”). The truth about the Martian surface might not be as dramatic but, I would argue, it is equally as exciting — if not more so, because it’s real. And with NASA’s Mars 2020 mission set to launch this summer, we’re on the cusp of even more discovery.



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A new device can produce electricity using shadows

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Someday, shadows
and light could team up to provide power.

A new device
exploits the contrast between bright spots and shade to create a current that
can power small electronics. “We can harvest energy anywhere on Earth, not just
open spaces,” says Swee Ching Tan, a materials scientist at the National
University of Singapore.

Tan and his
team created the device, called a shadow-effect energy generator, by placing a superthin coating of
gold on silicon, a typical solar cell material. Like in a solar cell, light
shining on silicon energizes its electrons. With the gold layer, the
shadow-effect energy generator produces an electric current when part of the
device lies in shadow.

The excited
electrons jump from the silicon to the gold. With part of the device shaded, the
voltage of the illuminated metal
increases
relative
to the dark area and electrons in the generator flow from high to low voltage.
Sending them through an external circuit creates a current that can power a
gadget
, Tan’s team
reports April 15 in Energy & Environmental
Science
.

With eight
generators, the team ran an electronic watch in low light. The devices can also
serve as sensors.  When a
remote-controlled car passed by, its shadow fell on a generator, creating the
electricity to light up an LED.

The greater
the contrast between light and dark, the more energy the generator provides. So
the team is working to boost the device’s performance by borrowing strategies from
solar cells for gathering light. Increasing the light these generators absorb
would allow them to better exploit shadows.

Someday, these generators might produce energy in the shadowy spots in a solar array, between skyscrapers or even indoors. “A lot of people think that shadows are useless,” Tan says. But “anything can be useful, even shadows.”

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Sweden’s Coronavirus Response Chief Acknowledges ‘Potential For Improvement’

Anders Tegnell, Sweden’s chief epidemiologist, addresses a news conference Wednesday in Stockholm. “There are things we could have done better,” Tegnell told a Swedish newspaper.

Anders Wiklund/TT News Agency/AFP via Getty Images


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Anders Wiklund/TT News Agency/AFP via Getty Images

Anders Tegnell, Sweden’s chief epidemiologist, addresses a news conference Wednesday in Stockholm. “There are things we could have done better,” Tegnell told a Swedish newspaper.

Anders Wiklund/TT News Agency/AFP via Getty Images

Nearly every country in the world has confirmed cases of the coronavirus within its borders — but few have received the kind of global scrutiny that Sweden has.

That’s because its uniquely relaxed response to the virus, with no strict lockdown, proved such a departure from not only its Nordic neighbors but also much of the rest of the world.

Now the man credited as the architect behind that policy, Anders Tegnell, is acknowledging that he sees “potential for improvement in what we have done in Sweden.”

“If we were to run into the same disease, knowing exactly what we know about it today, I think we would end up doing something in between what Sweden did and what the rest of the world has done,” he told Swedish radio Wednesday in remarks translated by Reuters.

Unlike many others, including countries from the United Kingdom to South Korea, Sweden did not effectively shutter its economy. Instead of quarantine and shelter-in-place orders, the country issued comparatively light suggestions — banning gatherings over 50 people and otherwise asking them to maintain social distancing as best they can.

Swedish officials have said their approach could lead to “herd immunity” more quickly than other countries. Herd immunity means that enough people in a population have become immune to the virus — either through vaccine or previous infection — that the risk of new infections lowers across the board.

In other words, the idea was, if Sweden kept its bars and restaurants open, more people among the less vulnerable would develop immunity and ultimately slow the spread.

So far, though, Sweden has not yet seen the health results for which it’s hoping.

The country vastly outpaces its nearest neighbors in the confirmed cases and death toll linked to COVID-19. And it has not reached herd immunity — a threshold often pegged to around 60% of the population immune — as officials had hoped it would last month.

Already in the spotlight for its distinct approach, the country has attracted significant second-guessing as well, particularly in light of the less than ideal outcome so far. When asked if too many people had died in Sweden of the disease, Tegnell answered simply: “Yes, absolutely.”

Still, in comments later to a different Swedish outlet, the news daily Dagens Nyheter, he clarified that he thought Sweden’s overall approach was sound, especially with what officials knew at the time.

“There are things we could have done better,” he said, “but in essence I think Sweden has chosen the right path.”

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